Greenhouse Gas

A greenhouse gas is a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range.

Infrared is an invisible radiant energy, electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than those of visible light, extending from the nominal red edge of the visible spectrum at 700 nanometers to 1000000 nm.

An atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding a planet or other material body, that is held in place by the gravity of that body.

Gas is one of the four fundamental states of matter.

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This process is the fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect.

The greenhouse effect is the process by which radiation from a planet's atmosphere warms the planet's surface to a temperature above what it would be without its atmosphere.

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The primary greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone.

Earth is the third planet from the Sun, the densest planet in the Solar System, the largest of the Solar System's four terrestrial planets, and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.

Nitrous oxide, commonly known as laughing gas, nitrous, nitro, or NOS  is a chemical compound with the formula N

Water vapor, water vapour or aqueous vapor, is the gaseous phase of water.

Without greenhouse gases, the average temperature of Earth's surface would be about −18 °C, rather than the present average of 15 °C.

In the Solar System, the atmospheres of Venus, Mars and Titan also contain gases that cause a greenhouse effect.

The Solar System is the gravitationally bound system comprising the Sun and the objects that orbit it, either directly or indirectly.

Human activities since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution have produced a 40% increase in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide, from 280 ppm in 1750 to 400 ppm in 2015.

The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.

This increase has occurred despite the uptake of a large portion of the emissions by various natural "sinks" involved in the carbon cycle.

The carbon cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, pedosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of the Earth.

Anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions come from combustion of carbon-based fuels, principally coal, oil, and natural gas, along with deforestation, soil erosion and animal agriculture.

Natural gas is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, but commonly including varying amounts of other higher alkanes, and sometimes a small percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, or helium.

Agriculture is the cultivation of animals, plants and fungi for food, fiber, biofuel, medicinal plants and other products used to sustain and enhance human life.

Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams.

It has been estimated that if greenhouse gas emissions continue at the present rate, Earth's surface temperature could exceed historical values as early as 2047, with potentially harmful effects on ecosystems, biodiversity and the livelihoods of people worldwide.

Recent estimates suggest that on the current emissions trajectory the Earth could pass a threshold of 2°C global warming, which the United Nations' IPCC designated as the upper limit for "dangerous" global warming, by 2036.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is a scientific and intergovernmental body under the auspices of the United Nations, set up at the request of member governments, dedicated to the task of providing the world with an objective, scientific view of climate change and its political and economic impacts.

Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.