British Airways Flight 9

British Airways Flight 9, sometimes referred to by its callsign Speedbird 9 or as the Jakarta incident, was a scheduled British Airways flight from London Heathrow to Auckland, with stops in Bombay, Madras, Kuala Lumpur, Perth, and Melbourne.

Melbourne is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-most populous city in Australia.

Kuala Lumpur, officially the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, is the national capital of Malaysia as well as its largest city.

British Airways, often shortened to BA, is the flag carrier and the largest airline in the United Kingdom based on fleet size.

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On 24 June 1982, the route was flown by the City of Edinburgh, a Boeing 747-236B.

The Boeing 747 is an American wide-body commercial jet airliner and cargo aircraft, often referred to by its original nickname, "Jumbo Jet".

Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 local government council areas.

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The aircraft flew into a cloud of volcanic ash thrown up by the eruption of Mount Galunggung, resulting in the failure of all four engines.

Volcanic ash consists of fragments of pulverized rock, minerals and volcanic glass, created during volcanic eruptions and measuring less than 2 mm in diameter.

Mount Galunggung is an active stratovolcano in West Java, Indonesia, around 80 km southeast of the West Java provincial capital, Bandung.

The reason for the failure was not immediately apparent to the crew or air traffic control.

Air traffic control is a service provided by ground-based controllers who direct aircraft on the ground and through controlled airspace, and can provide advisory services to aircraft in non-controlled airspace.

The aircraft was diverted to Jakarta in the hope that enough engines could be restarted to allow it to land there.

The aircraft glided out of the ash cloud, and all engines were restarted, allowing the aircraft to land safely at the Halim Perdanakusuma Airport in Jakarta.

The crew members of the accident segment had boarded the aircraft in Kuala Lumpur, while many of the passengers had been aboard since the flight began in London.